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英语强调句类型
强调句型是初中所学的主要句型之一,大家都知道,在学习英语知识的过程中,为了强调句子的某一成分（主语、宾语或状语）,常常要用到强调句.构成形式（Itis/was … that/who …）比较简单,是中考的热点,考查形式灵活多变,在考查强调句的同时,还经常考查定语从句、时间状语从句、地点状语从句,目的在于考查同学们综合把握语法知识的能力.下面就谈谈有关强调句的有关问题,希望能够引起大家的足够重视.
一、常见的强调句的几种句型
1. 陈述句的强调句型
It is/was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分.
It was yesterday that he found his book.
2. 一般疑问句的强调句型
Is/Was it + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分？
Was it yesterday that he found his book？
3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型
被强调部分（通常中疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/was + it + that/who + 其它部分？
When was it that he found his book？
强调句例句：针对He found his book under the desk yesterday. 句子进行强调.
强调主语：It was he that （who） found his book under the desk yesterday.强调宾语：It was his book that he found under the desk yesterday.
强调地点状语：It was under the desk that he found his book yesterday.强调时间状语从句：It was yesterday that he found his book under the desk.
二、强调句型考点例析
1. 考查强调句型的基本结构
考查强调句式的基本结构,其中的结构词it和that （who） 为应用考试考查强调句时最常考查的考点.
例１：It was with the help of the local guide _____ the mountain climber wasrescued.
A. who B. that C. when D. how
分析：去掉It was … that后,该句可变为：The mountain climber was rescuedwith the help of the local guide. 题目强调了方式状语.应选B.
例2：It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic _____Zheng He sailed to East Africa.
A. when B. that C. after D. since
分析：去掉It was … that后,该句可变为：Zheng He sailed to East Africa 80years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic. 原题中强调了时间状语.应选B.
例3：Was it on a lonely island ______ he was sed one month after the boatwent down？
A. where B. that C. which D. what
分析：该句强调了地点状语从句“on a lonely island”.应选B.
例4 John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work_____ has made him what he is today.
A. why B. when C. who D. that
分析：去掉It is … that后,该句可变为：Years of hard work has made him whathe is today. 题目强调了主语.应选D.
Exercises：
1. It was along the Mississippi River _______ Mark Twain spent much of hischildhood.
A. why B. which C. that D. where
2. It’s years of hard work _____ has made him what he is today.A. why B. when C. which D. that
Keys: 1. C 2. D
2. 考查强调部分的复杂结构（内嵌定语从句、状语从句等；或含有not … but…；rather than等结构的强调句）
例5：It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do____ benefits our work most.A. who B. which C. that D. what分析：题干中强调了句子的主语部分.去掉it is … that后,该句可变为：Nothow much we do but how much love we put into what we do benefits our workmost. 被强调的句子的主语中含有not … but … 结构（不是 …… 而是）,这个结构中强调了还要注意主谓一致,选择谓语时应遵循就近一致原则.
Exercises:
1. It is often not their age, their education that causes misunderstanding.A. like B. as C. or D. but
2. It is not who is right but what is right ______ is of importance.A. which B. it C. that D. this
Keys: 1. D 2. C
3. 考查含有not … until … 结构的强调句
例6：It was not until near the end of the letter _____ she mentioned her ownplan.A. that B. where C. why D. when分析：题干可以还原为：Not until near the end of the letter did she mention herown plan. 或者She didn’t mention her own plan until near the end of the letter. 此处考查固定句型not … until的强调句,其句型结构为：It was not … that + 句子.同时注意在强调句中不用倒装.
Exercises:
1. It ______ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ______ I found wehad a lot in common.
A. was until；when B. was until；thatC. wasn’t until；when D. wasn’t until；that
2. It was not until she got home ______ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.A. when B. that C. where D. before
Keys: 1. D 2. B
4. 考查含有倒装结构的强调句
例7：It was only after he had read the papers _____ Mr. Gross realized the taskbefore him was extremely difficult to complete.A. when B. that C. which D. what分析：题干可还原为：Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremelydifficult to complete only after he had read the papers. 或者Only after he had readthe papers did Mr. Gross realize the task before him was extremely difficult tocomplete. 即可判断为强调句,因此须填that.应选B.同时注意此句不用倒装.
5. 考查含有be的时态的强调句
例8：It ____ he been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only onewith a car.A. may B. can C. must D. should分析：句意为：一定是汤姆把车停在这儿的,因为他是唯一有车的人.musthe done表示对过去的推测.应选C.
6. 考查含有定语从句的强调句
在以下两句中,注意区分定语从句和强调句.
It was in this factory that my father used to work. 此句为强调句,去掉It was …that后,仍然是完整的句子.
It was factory that my father visited yesterday. 该句为定语从句,先行词是thiactory,that引导一个定语从句修饰this factory.
例9：It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _____the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.
A. where B. that C. when D. which分析：题干是对from only a few supplies进行强调.题干可还原为：The hostesscooked such a nice dinner from only a few supplies that she had bought in thevillage.应选B.
7. 考查强调句的特殊疑问形式
强调句型的陈述句形式与一般疑问句形式还好理解,但若以特殊疑问句的形式出现,则很容易导致错解的发生.
例10：I just wonder ______ that makes him so excited.
A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is分析：注意what it is that makes him so excited为宾语从句,用作动词wonder的宾语,如果去掉主句I just wonder将原句改为疑问句,则是What is it that makes himso excited？应选D.
例11：—______ that he manage to get the information？—Oh, a friend of his helped him.
A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it分析：由答语的内容可知问者是问“得到信息的方式”,因此空格处应填how.
故应选C.
三、强调句与非强调句的辨别
1. 与状语从句混淆
例12：—Was it here _____ you were away talking to a friend？
—Sure. But when I got back there, it was gone.A. that B. while C. which D. where
分析：该题并不是考查强调句,而是考查while的用法,while在此表示“在 ……
期间”,句意为：当你离开去跟朋友说话的时候它在这儿吗？应选B.2. 与定语从句混淆
例13：—Where did you get to know her？
—It was on the farm _____ we worked.A. that B. there C. which D. where分析：考查有定语从句的强调句,题干中所给的答语是一个不完整的句子,补充完整为：It was on the farm _____ we worked that I got to know her. 可看出题中所考查的是被强调部分the farm的定语从句.应选D.
例14：—What do you think of teaching, Bob？
—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job ______ you are doing something seriousbut interesting.A. where B. which C. when D. that分析：句意为：鲍勃,你认为教书怎么样？我认为它既有趣又富有挑战性,在这份工作中你做的事既严肃又有趣.题干It is a job … 中的It并非强调句的构成部分,而是指上句中的teaching,job是先行词,在从句中做状语.应选A.
3. 与It’s … since …句型混淆
例15：It will soon be five years _____ we came to live in Cairo.A. that B. when C. since D. as分析：本题不是考查强调句,而是考查since的用法,句意为：我们到开罗居住近5年了.应选C.
Exercises:
1. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years _____ I enjoyed myself somuch.
A. when B. that C. before D. sinceKey: D
4. 与It was/will be … before …句型混淆Exercises:
1. —How long do you think it will be _____ China sends a manned spaceship tothe moon？
—Perhaps two or three years.A. when B. until C. that D. before
2. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some ______Brian gets back.
A. before B. since C. till D. afterKeys: 1. D 2. A
5. 与名词性从句（主语从句）混淆Exercises:
1. ______ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the passwordof your e – mail account.
A. What is required B. What required C. It is required D. It requires
2. It has been proved ______ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect youagainst serious illnesses in later life.
A. if B. because C. when D. thatKeys: 1. C 2. D
四、应注意的问题
1. 强调句不能强调谓语,如果需要强调谓语时,用助动词do/does或did.
2. 在含有特殊疑问词的强调句中,如果放在宾语从句中应使用陈述语气.
例16：I just wonder _____ that makes him so excited.A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is分析：题干中wonder的宾语是含有特殊疑问词的强调句,因为作宾语,所以要用陈述语序.应选D.
3. 在情景对话中,要结合语境分清楚强调的部分
例17：— I can’t find Xiao Ping, where did you see him this morning？
— It was in the library ______ he studied.A. that B. where C. which D. the one
分析：情景对话中的答语是一种口语中的省略,补全了就是It was in the librarywhere he studied that I saw him this morning.应选B.
Exercises:
1. It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do ______benefits our work most.
A. who B. which C. that D. what
2. Was it on a lonely island ______ he was sed one month after the boat wentfamous？
A. where B. that C. which D. what
3. It’s not what we do once in a while _____ shapes our lives but what we doconsistently.
A. which B. that C. how D. when
4. —He you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree？
—Of course, I he. It was in our village _____ it was made.A. that B. where C. when D. which
5. It is uncertain ______ side effect the medicine will bring about, althoughabout two thousand patients he taken it.
A. that B. what C. how D. whetherKeys: 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B
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