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为师之道：一个也不能少
When I say I believe all children can learn, people sometimes misunderstand.
Because I he been working with poor, minority children in Harlem for the last twentyfive years, some people think I am talking about good kids in bad environments—that if you give a bright kid from a poor family a good educational support system, he or she can succeed. That’s absolutely true, but that’s not what I mean.
You see, I truly believe that all kids can learn. I believe it, I’ve seen it, I’ve even tasted it.
Back in 1975, when I was coming out of the Harvard Graduate School of Education, I worked in a summer camp in Ossipee, New Hampshire, for kids with the absolute toughest problems： emotionally disturbed kids, autistic kids, oppositional ADHD kids, kids that everyone—even their parents—had given up on.
One of the things that I and the staff would do was cook with the kids. These children didn’t know baking powder from table salt, but once they had eaten a warm biscuit out of the oven, eared with melted butter and a drizzle of maple syrup, they were very motivated to learn how to make some more.
Suddenly, kids who couldn’t sit still or focus were carefully eyeballing ingredients as we measured them out, learning the simple math and spelling lessons we could slip in along the way. By the end of the summer, I remember parents breaking down and crying when they saw the progress their children had made.
The biscuits, by the way, were delicious, and I can still remember the taste of them today—and more importantly, I can still remember the lesson they taught me： that if we, the adults, can find the right motivation for a child, there’s hope for that child’s education.
Today I run two charter schools and a series of educational programs, and we work with over ten thousand kids a year. I make sure that every single one of my staff understands that I don’t accept excuses about kids not learning. You can’t blame the kids. In my shop, if a child does not succeed, it means the adults around him or her he failed.
That’s because the kids with the really tough problems are not going to suddenly start teaching themselves. I believe that we adults he to help them, and that starts with looking hard at each child, finding out what excites them, and exploiting that excitement shamelessly.
When I was growing up poor in the south Bronx, one of four boys raised by a single mom, I probably looked like I was heading nowhere, hanging out on the street with my friends and getting into fights and trouble. And I would he ended up dead or in jail like many of my friends if it had not been for a couple of teachers and family members who saw something underneath my teenage tough-guy act. They spotted my fascination with reading, starting with Green Eggs and Ham and later with 7）Manchild in the Promised Land, and they made sure I had great books to read.
My first taste of success came way back at that summer camp in Ossipee, New Hampshire. It came with a plate of steaming hot biscuits that tasted so good I believe they could he brought a tear to your eye.
当我说我相信所有的孩子都有学习能力时,人们有时候会对这话产生误解.
因为在过去的25年,我一直与纽约哈林区的穷困少数族裔儿童打交道,一些人以为我说的是在恶劣环境下生活的优秀儿童——如果你让家境贫寒的聪明孩子接受优质的教育,他或者她就能成就一番事业.这话绝对正确,但我想说的不是这种情况.
你要知道,我真心地相信所有的孩子都有学习能力.这是我的信念,也是我见证过的情况,同时也是我经历过的事.
回想1975年,当时我从哈佛教育研究生院毕业,在新罕布什尔州奥西皮的一个夏令营工作,那里的孩子有着最棘手的问题：有的是患情绪病,有的是患自闭症,还有的患有对抗性多动症——所有人,甚至是这些孩子的父母都对他们不抱希望了.
我们工作人员要做的其中一件事就是与孩子们一起做饭.这些孩子平时连发酵粉和食盐都分不清,但是当他们一吃到新鲜出炉的温热小饼干——带有融化的黄油和丝丝枫糖浆,他们的学习冲动就被激发出来了,迫切希望能做出更多的饼干.
忽然间,那些无法或是无法集中注意力的孩子都全神贯注地盯着我们调配食材,学习简单的计算,我们一边做饼干一边教他们的拼写内容,他们也学会了.暑假结束的时候,我记得那些父母在看到自己的孩子所取得的进步后感激流涕的样子.
顺道一提,那些饼干很美味,直到今天我还能记得那味道.更重要的是,我还铭记住了它们教给我的一课：如果我们成年人能够为孩子找到适当的激励方法,那对孩子的教育就有希望了.
今天,我经营着两所特许学校,并且开展了一系列的教育计划,我们一年要和一万多个孩子相处.我确保我的每一位员工都清楚我不会接受“孩子不肯学”这样的借口.你不能把责任推到孩子身上.在我学校里,如果一个孩子没能成功,这意味着辅导他们的大人没有尽责.
那是因为确实有严重问题的孩子是不会忽然间就开始自学的.我相信,我们大人必须得帮助他们,从着眼每个孩子开始,找出他们的兴趣点,然后不畏艰难地利用他们的兴趣帮助他们学习.
我成长在南布朗克斯的一个贫穷家庭,母亲独身一人抚养四个儿子.我的前途看似黯淡无光,和朋友流浪街头,打架斗殴,惹是生非.要不是我的几位老师和家人看到我“恶棍”的表象下善良的内心,我真有可能像我的许多朋友那样要不死于非命,要不身陷牢狱.他们发现了我对阅读的兴趣,开始是让我看《绿鸡蛋和火腿》,后来是《应许之地的儿子》,他们都确保我能看到好书.
我第一次尝到成功的滋味是在新罕布什尔州奥西皮的那个夏令营里.这种滋味来自于一盘热气腾腾的饼干,那份美味,我相信会让你热泪盈眶.
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